A novel three-input one-output voltage-mode universal filter using differential difference current conveyor (DDCC)

Abstract

A novel three-input one-output voltage-mode differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) based universal filter is presented. The circuit uses two DDCCs as active elements and together with two resistors and two capacitors as passive elements. The circuit enjoys the following advantageous features: realization of all the basic filter functions, low passive sensitivities, and minimum number of passive elements employment. SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.