Volatile Constituents of Three Stachys L. Species from Turkey

Abstract

Volatile compounds of three Stachys species; Stachys macrantha (C. Koch) Stearn, Stachys sylvatica L. and Stachys annua ssp. annua var. annua L. were analyzed by a solid phase micro extraction (SPME) method coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 38 (99.2%), 39 (99.0%) and 33 (98.8%) volatile compounds were identified from S. annua ssp. annua var. annua, S. sylvatica and S. macrantha respectively. The major volatile constituents of the investigated three Stachys species were; alpha-pinene (11.2%), p-cymene (18.2%), and carvacrol (28.8%) in S. macrantha, gamma-muurolene (10.2%), alpha-cedrene (11.2%), and limonene (37.0%) in S. sylvatica and alpha-pinene (11,4%), beta-pinene (23.1%), and (Z)-beta-ocimene (24.8%) in S. annua ssp. annua var. annua. Comparison of volatile organic compounds of all three species showed that monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major constituents in S. annua ssp. annua var. annua and S. sylvatica (65.8% and 49.8% respectively), whereas oxygenated monoterpenes were the main components (42.1%) of S. macrantha.