Gingival Inflammation and Interleukin-1 beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During the Menstrual Cycle

Abstract

Background: Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause may impact periodontal tissues by altering the host response. There are only a few studies that examined gingival changes during the menstrual cycle. This longitudinal and prospective study aims to investigate clinical and laboratory markers of gingival inflammation in women at different phases during their menstrual cycles.