Comparison of the Primary Stability of Two Implant Designs in Two Different Bone Types: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Purpose: Achievement of primary stability upon surgical placement of dental implants is a key factor for successful osseointegration and depends mainly on implant-related factors. The aim of this study was to compare and assess the primary stability of implants with active and regular threads in type 2 as well as type 4 bone. Materials and Methods: Fresh cow vertebrae and a pelvis were used as models of type 4 bone and type 2 bone, respectively. Implants with two different designs-regular-threaded and active-threaded-both 4.3 mm wide and 13 mm long, were placed in both types of bone (n = 80). Stability measurements were completed by four prosthodontists using two different Periotest devices and resonance frequency analysis. Statistical analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the implant types in either type of bone in the stability measured with different methods. For both implant types, the mean resonance frequency values in type 2 bone were statistically significantly higher than in type 4 bone, whereas the mean Periotest values in type 2 bone were statistically significantly lower than in type 4 bone. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study in bone types 2 and 4, the active-threaded implant, which was invented to increase primary stability, did not show higher primary stability compared to a regular-threaded implant.